Tag: Algae

A Silver Lining for Mining

Minerals, metals, coal and diamonds – they’re useful and valuable commodities that come from mines.

We can easily recognize these tangible benefits from mining. But have we considered the potential for mining by-products – the dust and particles, sludge and residue that’s left once we’ve mined what we came for?

Dr. Grant Douglas has. As project leader for CSIRO, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia’s national science agency, Dr. Douglas has a suggestion:

Algae.

A joint project between CSIRO and Western Australian Department of Water found that mineral mining by-products may be a cost-effective, plentiful and yes, green, option for removing key nutrients that contribute to algal blooms – a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system.

Algal blooms can multiply quickly, turning water green, creating thick green layers under water or scum on the surface.  Algal blooms can block sunlight from reaching underwater vegetation and can wreak havoc on an ecosystems oxygen levels. Harmful algal blooms can release toxins that are harmful to fish, birds and people.

Cue mining by-products.

“The largely unexploited by-product materials we generate in Western Australia could be developed as ‘designer’ contaminant adsorbents,” Dr Douglas said.

When added to a soil, certain mineral mining by-product was very effective in removing nitrogen and phosphorous, both elements that occur naturally but can cause imbalances in aquatic ecology if present in high amounts. Using the by-product this way would be equivalent to removing about two tons of the same elements annually from groundwater in the Australian Swan Coastal Plain.

With similar mining by-products and water conditions, these findings could be valuable to any waterway in the world.

Click here for more information on the study.

Sources:
http://www.csiro.au/news/Mining-by-products-to-reduce-algal-blooms.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110207091756.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/a/algal_bloom.htm
http://www.sjrwmd.com/algae/index.html#2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Coastal_Plain

Algae Biofuels – An Alternative Solution

As global energy demand continues to rise, the development of alternative energy, such as algae biofuels, has started to expand.  Increasing concerns tied to greenhouse gasses and a push for sustainable fuel sources has prompted large players to invest in environmentally friendly alternatives.  ExxonMobil plans to invest in excess of $600 million into the development of algae biofuel technologies and projects.  In 2009, ExxonMobil and Synthetic Genomics, Inc. (SGI) opened a green house facility to further algae biofuel research initiatives.

Advocates of algae biofuels stress that bio-oils can be manufactured to provide diesel fuel, jet fuel, and gasoline.  Roughly half of algae’s body weight is comprised of oil.  In comparison to other biofuel sources, such as sugar cane, corn, and soy, algae has the potential to produce roughly 2000 gallons of fuel per acre in one year of production.  

According to Emil Jacobs, ExxonMobil’s Vice President of Research and Development, “We spent two years evaluating all kinds of biofuels, assessing their scalability, technical challenges, environmental impact and commercial viability…Algae had the best potential.”

Companies such as SGI, Solix Biofuels, and Solazyme Inc. are leading the way to create technologies to expand the development of algae biofuels.  The global energy mix is in need of a viable alternative energy solution, and the continued research of possible resources is of necessity.  Finding a definitive substitute for fossil fuels is a challenging endeavor, but the potential of algae biofuels shows promise. 

Sources
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-03/exxon-600-million-algae-investment-spurs-khosla-to-dismiss-as-pipe-dream.html
http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/energy_climate_con_vehicle_algae.aspx 
http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/biofuel/4213775