Tag: environment

Safety Inspections Save Money and Lives

Recent studies from Harvard University and the University of California show employers save billions of dollars in workers’ compensation costs by implementing random OSHA inspections. The research concludes that random inspections help reduce the number of work-related injuries on job sites.

The studies compared eight hundred companies, half of which were subject to random safety inspections. The control group consisted of the other half, which were not subject to inspections. 

The results demonstrated companies that implemented inspections decreased injury claims by 9.4 percent and saved approximately 26 percent in workers’ compensation costs as compared to companies that were not inspected.

Although researchers predicted small financial savings as a result of implementing inspections, they were surprised at the enormity of their findings and agreed inspections are beneficial to companies. Researcher, Michael Toffel, stated, “We thought our results might have been driven by fewer big problems… or perhaps by a particularly dramatic decline in smaller injuries… but we found it to be an across-the-board effect.” Results indicated that by implementing inspections, the average employer saved approximately $355,000, based on 2011 statistics. This potentially equates to $6 billion in savings for employers nationwide.

This evidence proves that OSHA regulations and inspections can provide major value to workplace health and safety. Furthermore, researchers concluded there was “no evidence that these improvements came at the expense of employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.”

Resources:
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6993.html
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6083/907
http://social.dol.gov/blog/osha-saves-lives-and-jobs/
http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/05/its-official-random-inspections-.html

Western Australia’s First Uranium Mine Receives EPA Approval

Western Australia’s Environmental Protection Agency granted approval to develop the first uranium mine in the country. This mine is expected to start production sometime between 2014 and 2015 and remain open for approximately 14 years.

The project will create approximately 350 jobs during construction and 200 permanent positions. The site will be located in Wiluna and is expected to export about four to five containers of uranium each month. For those living around the prospective site, the EPA confirmed there would be little exposure to uranium. The site will be carefully monitored to prevent any abnormal exposure levels. 

Uranium is most commonly used to create nuclear energy.  Globally, 30 nations use nuclear energy to produce 16 percent of the world’s electricity. Uranium is also used for research and medical purposes, such as diagnosing and treating cancer. 

Although the EPA has approved the first uranium mine in Australia, public appeals will be heard until June 5th.

Resources:
http://www.world-nuclear.org/reference/default.aspx?id=23792&terms=nuclear%20power%20in%20australia
http://www.ccsa.asn.au/nuclearsa/b4.html
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-21/uranium-mine-in-wa-given-go-ahead/4023824
http://www.news.com.au/business/breaking-news/was-first-uranium-mine-approved-by-epa/story-e6frfkur-1226362733110
http://www.miningweekly.com/article/toro-gets-environmental-nod-for-wa-uranium-mine-2012-05-21

Electric Plants Shift from Coal to Natural Gas

For decades, electric power plants’ air pollution has been a main concern for environmentalists. However, a transformation is under way as more and more electrical plants are being fueled by natural gas, which has proven to be far cleaner than coal. 

Optimistics of this new trend hope the domestic energy source will create new jobs as well as provide cleaner skies and fresher air.

Over the last decade, electricity generated by gas-fired plants has risen more than 50 percent.  According to the U.S. Energy Information Agency, gas plants generated about 600 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 2000 and 981 billion kilowatt hours in 2010.

To the delight of environmentalists, during this time, electricity generated by coal-fired plants declined. Coal generation declined from 1,966 billion kilowatt hours to 1,850 billion kilowatt hours, while hydroelectric and nuclear generation stayed about the same. Between 2009 and 2010, overall natural gas power generation rose approximately 7 percent.

Jay Apt, a technology professor at Carnegie Mellon, stated most people he knew in the electrical power industry were building natural gas plants due to the “low prices over the last few years and relatively low cost of building such plants, compared with coal fired or nuclear.” Although the trend has grown in popularity, Apt believes the trend could potentially stall due to the basic economic principles of supply and demand. “If too many plants embrace cheap gas, it won’t stay cheap. The surest route to $6 or $8 gas is for everybody to plan on $4 gas, and if prices do rise, coal will again be the most cost-effective fuel.”

Hopefuls of the natural gas trend anticipate its profitability. There has been a large growth in supply of natural gas thanks to the Marcellus Shale drilling project. Gas deposits that could not previously be extracted in an economic manner are now being tapped using new technologies, including hydraulic fracturing.

Although some companies are choosing to make the switch to natural gas-fired plants, others are choosing alternate approaches such as investing in pollution control equipment while keeping coal-fired plants open and compliant with clean air laws.

Those using the alternate approaches don’t feel as though the natural-gas trend will last long and believe history might repeat itself. From the late 1990s to 2004, some companies believed they would become extremely prosperous from the combination of cheap fuel and plants that were highly efficient yet relatively inexpensive to build. However, the cost of natural-gas spiked and numerous plants became idle.

Most companies are not going to start tearing down their coal plants to replace with natural gas as it’s just as likely for natural gas prices to rise again.

Only time will tell if natural gas operations prove to be a success.

Resources:
http://www.cnbc.com/id/46014119
http://news.yahoo.com/pa-plant-convert-generators-coal-gas-174025607.html

Hydraulic Fracturing Draws Opposing Views

There have been opposing views on the natural-gas drilling process known as “fracking” or hydraulic fracturing, being considered in New York this week.  Hydraulic fracturing is a proven technological advancement which allows producers to safely recover natural gas and oil from deep shale formations. This technology stimulates well production by injecting millions of gallons of water laced with chemicals down the well bore to crack surrounding shale.  Sources say it has the potential to not only dramatically reduce our reliance on foreign fuel imports, but also significantly reduce our national carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and accelerate our transition to a carbon-light environment.

Not everyone has agreed that this is environmentally friendly.  Opponents in New York are saying that water supplies are threatened by the shale gas development.  Environmental groups, who once viewed fracking as a better alternative to oil production, are now divided on whether or not regulations can adequately protect against environmental damage from hydraulic fracturing  Some even demand an outright ban of fracking.

There has been a coalition of groups including Natural Resources Defense Council, Earthjustice, and Riverkeeper, delivering comments to the Department of Environmental Conservation, (DEC).  Letters and a petition from other environmental groups were sent to New York Governor Andrew Cuomo regarding environmental concerns. The petition had over 20,000 signatures citing, what they consider, serious flaws in the oversight plan by the DEC.

The groups are extremely concerned that the document by the DEC failed to address a plan for the disposal of millions of gallons of hazardous wastewater, an assessment of potential human health impacts, and to quantify any negative socioeconomic impacts, among others.

However, supporters of the technique say the proposed regulations will actually prevent environmental harm and drilling brings job opportunities and other economic benefits.  If there is overregulation, it will be too expensive for New York energy companies to drill.

Because of the opposition, it has now caused a delay in New York on drilling in the Marcellus Shale, which extends from southern New York to parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. The gas drilling is moving forward in the other states, but New York drilling has been on hold since the review from the DEC since 2008.  At this time, the DEC commissioner, Joe Martens has not set a timeline for the review to be finished and issue permits to drill. However, Emily DeSantis, DEC spokeswoman said, “If the final documents determine high-volume hydraulic fracturing could move forward in New York, we could begin to review permit applicants after the final (environmental impact statement) is released.”

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is also conducting its own scientific study regarding the impact water resources incur from hydraulic fracturing.  It is expected that the first findings of the study will be this year.

The DEC is to address each issue raised by the environmental groups to then move forward with permits. Only time will tell how beneficial or detrimental hydraulic fracturing will be for both our environment and economy. 

Resources:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204257504577153190943260940.html?KEYWORDS=oil+and+gas+news
http://www.hydraulicfracturing.com/Pages/information.aspx

Coal Mines Safety Levels Improving

According to governmental data, U.S. coal mines have grown safer since the underground explosion in West Virginia that killed 29 miners about 18 months ago. Enforcement of regulations and better training by mining companies are helping to improve the safety of coal mines.

The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) oversees the nation’s 14,500 mines, including 2,000 coal mines. Joe Main, Assistant Secretary of Labor and head of MSHA said that the “efforts we’re making are having a positive impact on improving mine safety in this country.”

After the mine accident in April of 2010, MSHA was criticized for not closing the mine, and started targeting mines that have a high level of violations or risks. Numerous mines were being shut down until sufficient improvements were made, causing violations to drop 51% since September of 2010 at those targeted mines, according to MSHA.

In comparison to 2010, where 48 coal miners were killed, so far this year, 14 have been killed on the job.

However, there are still opposing views. Spokesman for the United Mine Workers of America, Phil Smith, said that while the union believed increased enforcement had caused operators to pay more attention to safety, fewer violations did not necessarily mean mines were getting safer. He says, “There are still many mines out there which are not following the law and appear not to care to do so. The mines weren’t any safer for the 14 coal miners killed thus far this year.”

Several mining companies have advised that they are putting a greater emphasis on safety and that significant management changes have been made.  Professor of Energy and Mineral Engineering at Pennsylvania State University, Larry Grayson, said that “if companies can’t police themselves, the government is going to make them comply with this high level of performance.”

Luke Popovich, a spokesman for the National Mining Association, said that he thinks mines are safer due to enforcement and companies reviewing and improving safety systems independently. This effort on improved safety systems and enforcement will continue to decrease violations and fatalities alike.

Resources:
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904491704576572831496880862.html?KEYWORDS=safer+coal+mines